264 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
264 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: mysql安装
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date: 2021-11-20
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updated: 2021-11-20
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tags:
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- mysql
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- linux
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categories:
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- linux
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- mysql
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keywords:
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- mysql
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- linux
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description: linux安装mysql
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top_img: https://i.loli.net/2021/09/30/YJLqn57mAe6vRNo.jpg
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comments: true
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cover: https://i.loli.net/2021/09/30/YJLqn57mAe6vRNo.jpg
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copyright: true
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copyright_author: xzh
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copyright_author_href: http://xxzhx.cn
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copyright_url: http://xxzhx.cn
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copyright_info: 著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联络作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。
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---
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# mysql安装
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## 检查是否安装`mariadb`
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### 首先检查服务器是否安装过`mariadb`
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```shell
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rpm -qa | grep mariadb
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```
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### 如果有类似，需要把他卸载
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```shell
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rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
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```
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### 安装mysql的依赖包libao
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```shell
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yum install libaio
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```
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## 安装mysql
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### 下载mysql
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[mysql下载地址](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/)
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下载此版本：
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下载之后，上传至服务器
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### 解压mysql
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解压
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```shell
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tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.26-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
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```
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解压之后，把解压的文件夹移动到`/usr/local/mysql`
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```shell
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mv mysql-8.0.26-el7-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
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```
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### 创建data文件夹
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进入mysql文件夹，创建data文件夹
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```shell
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cd /usr/local/mysql
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mkdir data
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```
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### 创建mysql组：创建mysql用户，并设置密码。
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```shell
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useradd mysql
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passwd mysql
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```
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### 将mysql目录的权限授给mysql用户和mysql组。
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```shell
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chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
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```
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### 赋予权限
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```shell
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chmod -R 777 /usr/local/mysql
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chmod -R 777 /usr/local/mysql/data
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```
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### 创建my.cnf配置文件
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```shell
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touch /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
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```
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### 编辑配置文件
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```shell
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vi my.cnf
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```
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`my.cnf`内容
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```ini
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[mysqld]
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# 设置3306端口
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port=3306
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# 设置mysql的安装目录
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basedir=/usr/local/mysql
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# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
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datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
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# 允许最大连接数
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max_connections=100
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# 允许连接失败的次数。这是为了防止有人从该主机试图攻击数据库系统
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max_connect_errors=10
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# 服务端使用的字符集默认为utf8mb4
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character-set-server=utf8mb4
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# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
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default-storage-engine=INNODB
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# 默认使用“mysql_native_password”插件认证
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default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
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[mysql]
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# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
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default-character-set=utf8mb4
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[client]
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# 设置mysql客户端连接服务端时默认使用的端口
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port=3306
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default-character-set=utf8mb4
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```
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### 启动mysql
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执行命令，记住随机密码
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```shell
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cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
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./mysqld --initialize --console
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```
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输入此命令后获取出现密码，在`root@localhost`的后面，把他记住，如下
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### 再赋予一次权限
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因为初始了data文件夹中的文件，都还没有赋予权限
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```shell
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chmod -R 777 /usr/local/mysql
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chmod -R 777 /usr/local/mysql/data
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```
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### 启动服务
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进入mysql中的`support-files`文件夹，启动服务
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```shell
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cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
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./mysql.server start
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```
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### 将mysql加入系统进程中
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```shell
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cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
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# 重启
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service mysqld restart
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```
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## 连接mysql并设置密码
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### 创建一个软连接到` /usr/bin`
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```shell
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ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
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```
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### 连接mysql
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```shell
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mysql -u root -p
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```
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### 输入上面复制的密码
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### 修改密码
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```sql
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ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';
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```
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### 设置允许远程登录
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```sql
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mysql> use mysql;
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mysql> update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
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# 应用配置
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mysql> flush privileges;
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# 退出mysql
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mysql> quit
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```
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### 重启mysql
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```shell
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service mysqld restart
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```
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### 检查3306端口是否开放
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```shell
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firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
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```
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### 开放3306端口
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```shell
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firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
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```
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### 重启防火墙
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```shell
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firewall-cmd --reload
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```
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# 可能出现的错误
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## 登录mysql的时候报错
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`mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory`
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## 解决
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### 安装`libncurses`
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```
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yum install libncurses*
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```
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### 重新登录即可
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